ATPL(A) · subject 031
Two questions, and only two: is the aeroplane too heavy, and is the load in the right place. Everything else follows from those.
Written on the EASA Learning Objectives, checked against the primary texts, delivered as an A4 PDF and a screen edition, in English and in French.
What is inside
What mass imposes on structure and performance, and what centre of gravity position imposes on stability and controllability.
Mass terminology, the BEM → DOM → ZFM → TOM chain, structural and performance limits, and the regulatory standard masses.
Datum, arm and moment. The centre of gravity calculation is one division, provided you do not get the signs wrong.
What the mass and balance documentation contains, how weighing is carried out, and the fleet mass rules.
Arithmetic, graphic and index methods. Load and trim sheets. Shifting, adding and removing load, and ballast.
Cargo types, floor area load and running load. Followed by the appendices: formulae, traps, key terms, corrections and sources.
The parts, in syllabus order
| Part 1 | Why mass and balance matter | 031 01 — Mass limitations · Centre of gravity limitations |
| Part 2 | Loading and limits | 031 02 — Terminology · Mass limits · Mass calculations · Standard masses |
| Part 3 | CG fundamentals | 031 03 — Definition of centre of gravity · Conditions of equilibrium · Basic calculations |
| Part 4 | Documentation and weighing | 031 04 — Documentation contents · Weighing · Extraction of basic data |
| Part 5 | Determining and moving the CG | 031 05 — Methods · Load and trim sheet · Intentional repositioning of the CG |
| Part 6 | Cargo and holds | 031 06 — Cargo types · Floor area load and running load |
Exam traps you will meet in this subject
A sample from Appendix B. The full list is in the notes.
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