ATPL(A) · subject 061

General Navigation — revision notes

The subject falls into four blocks. The first two are geometry, the last two applied arithmetic. Everything else follows.

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What is inside

General Navigation

Part 1 · 061 01

The Earth, its coordinates, directions, distances and time. The foundation: master convergency and departure and half the subject falls into place.

Part 2 · 061 03

Mercator, Lambert, polar stereographic. Three projections, three scale behaviours, three ways a great circle is drawn.

Part 3 · 061 04

Triangle of velocities, temperatures, true airspeeds, altitudes and the navigation computer. This is the most computational part of the paper.

Part 4 · 061 05

Climb, descent, track correction, ETA revision and the flight log. Little theory, but reflexes to install.

Appendices A → C

The complete formula sheet, the list of classic exam traps and the key terms with their exact definitions.

Appendices D → E

What was corrected relative to the original notes, and the official sources consulted with their verification date.

The parts, in syllabus order

Part 1	Basics of navigation	061 01 — Solar system · The Earth · Time and time conversions · Directions · Distance
Part 2	Charts and projections	061 03 — Properties of projections · Mercator · Lambert · Polar stereographic · Use of charts
Part 3	Dead reckoning navigation	061 04 — Triangle of velocities · Navigation computer · Temperatures · Airspeeds · Altitudes
Part 4	In-flight navigation	061 05 — Climb and descent · Track correction · ETA revision · Flight log
Part 5	Visual navigation	061 02 — Choosing checkpoints · Terrain, season and night · Threats and the lost procedure

Exam traps you will meet in this subject

A sample from Appendix B. The full list is in the notes.

Mixing east and west longitude, east and west variation, port and starboard drift. Write the sign down before calculating.
Using a magnetic heading with a wind given in true. VOLMET gives true, ATIS and ATC give magnetic.
Reversing the conversion order. Going down is True → Magnetic → Compass.
Confusing mean latitude, parallel of origin and standard parallel. Convergency uses mean latitude, the constant of the cone uses the parallel of origin.
Forgetting cos(latitude) in the departure calculation.
Applying 60 NM per degree to a longitude anywhere other than the equator.

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