PPL(A) 010 Air LawRevision notes and practice questions

PPL 010 Air LawFree sample, 10 questions

1. 1A PPL(A) pilot flies a light aeroplane registered in France over the high seas, outside any State's territory. Which rules of the air apply?

   1. The rules of the air of the State of registry, including its notified differences.
   2. The rules of the air of the nearest coastal State.
   3. The rules of the air of the State in which the flight departed.
   4. The rules established under the Chicago Convention, with no national differences.
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   Answer D. Article 12 of the Chicago Convention states that over the high seas the rules in force are those established under the Convention, that is Annex 2 (Rules of the Air). A State may notify differences for its own territory, but no difference applies over the high seas. The State of registry rules are the tempting answer: they apply to its aircraft wherever they are, except where the Convention rules take over.

2. 2For how long is a standard certificate of airworthiness issued under Part-21 for a light aeroplane valid?

   1. For an unlimited period, provided the aircraft keeps complying with its type design and continuing airworthiness.
   2. For 12 months, after which it must be renewed by the competent authority after an inspection of the aircraft and its records.
   3. For 24 months, in line with the validity of the single-engine piston class rating.
   4. For 36 months, provided an airworthiness review is carried out every year.
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   Answer A. Part-21 point 21.A.181 states that an airworthiness certificate is issued for an unlimited period of time. It remains valid while the aircraft complies with its type design and continuing airworthiness requirements and stays on the same register. The yearly renewal applies to the airworthiness review certificate (ARC), not to the certificate of airworthiness itself.

3. 3Which statement correctly describes the privileges of the holder of a PPL(A), with no instructor or examiner certificate?

   1. To act as PIC with remuneration in commercial operations on single-engine piston aeroplanes only.
   2. To act without remuneration as PIC or co-pilot of aeroplanes or TMGs engaged in non-commercial operations.
   3. To act without remuneration as PIC only, since co-pilot privileges require a CPL(A).
   4. To act with remuneration as PIC on aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM or less carrying up to 3 passengers.
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   Answer B. FCL.205.A(a) gives the PPL(A) holder the privilege to act without remuneration as PIC or co-pilot of aeroplanes or TMGs engaged in non-commercial operations, and to exercise all LAPL(A) privileges. Remuneration is only allowed for holders with instructor or examiner privileges, for instruction, tests and checks (FCL.205.A(b)). The 2 000 kg and 3 passenger limits belong to the LAPL(A), not to the PPL(A).

4. 4You are flying a single-engine piston aeroplane at 2,500 ft. A sailplane is converging from your left at approximately the same level, with a risk of collision. Who must give way?

   1. The sailplane, because it has your aeroplane on its right.
   2. You, because a power-driven aeroplane gives way to sailplanes.
   3. Both aircraft, each altering heading to the right.
   4. The sailplane, because it is the more manoeuvrable aircraft.
   Show the answer

   Answer B. Under SERA.3210(c)(2), the aircraft that has the other on its right gives way, except that power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft give way to airships, sailplanes and balloons. The category rule overrides the right-hand rule, so you give way even though the sailplane is on your left. Avoid passing over, under or in front of it unless well clear. Turning right is the head-on rule, not the converging rule.

5. 5Which of the following statements are correct?
   1. With QNH set, the altimeter of an aircraft on the ground reads the aerodrome elevation.
   2. With QFE set, the altimeter indicates altitude above mean sea level.
   3. With 1013.25 hPa set, the altimeter indicates pressure altitude, used for flight levels.
   4. Below the transition altitude, vertical position is expressed in flight levels.

   1. 1 and 3.
   2. 2 and 3.
   3. 1, 3 and 4.
   4. 2 and 4.
   Show the answer

   Answer A. QNH is the setting that makes the altimeter read the aerodrome elevation on the ground, so it gives altitude above mean sea level. QFE gives height above the aerodrome and reads zero on the ground. With 1013.25 hPa the altimeter shows pressure altitude, the basis of flight levels. SERA.8015(eb)(1) expresses vertical position as altitudes at or below the transition altitude and flight levels at or above the transition level.

6. 6A VFR flight is operating in class D airspace. What does ATC provide to it with respect to other traffic?

   1. Separation from IFR flights and traffic information on other VFR flights.
   2. Traffic information on all other flights and traffic avoidance advice on request.
   3. Separation from all other flights, whether IFR or VFR.
   4. Flight information service only, and only if the pilot requests it.
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   Answer B. Under SERA.6001(a)(4), in class D only IFR flights are separated from each other; VFR flights receive traffic information in respect of all other flights and traffic avoidance advice on request. An ATC clearance and continuous two-way radio contact are still required. Separation of VFR from IFR is the class C rule, separation from everyone is class B, and flight information on request only is class G.

7. 7In which part of the AIP does a pilot find the declared distances, the aerodrome charts and the local VFR procedures of a particular aerodrome?

   1. Part 3, AD (aerodromes).
   2. Part 1, GEN (general).
   3. Part 2, ENR (en route).
   4. The AIP Supplement series.
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   Answer A. The AIP is made of three parts (ICAO Annex 15 and PANS-AIM, Doc 10066): GEN for general information such as national regulations, units and charges, ENR for airspace, routes, navigation aids and restricted areas, and AD for aerodromes. The data of each aerodrome, including declared distances and charts, are in AD 2. AIP Supplements carry only temporary changes, not the permanent aerodrome data.

8. 8The magnetic bearing of a runway centreline, measured in the direction of approach, is 076°. Which designators are painted at its two ends?

   1. 07 and 25.
   2. 08 and 25.
   3. 08 and 26.
   4. 07 and 26.
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   Answer C. ICAO Annex 14 sets the designator as the whole number nearest to one tenth of the magnetic bearing seen from the direction of approach, preceded by a zero if it has a single digit. 076° gives 7.6, rounded to 08; the reciprocal 256° gives 25.6, rounded to 26. Truncating instead of rounding is the error that leads to 07 and 25.

9. 9Survivors of a forced landing lay out the symbol X on the ground. According to the ground-to-air visual signal code of ICAO Annex 12, what does it mean?

   1. Require assistance.
   2. No or negative.
   3. Require medical assistance.
   4. Proceeding in this direction.
   Show the answer

   Answer C. The survivors' code in Annex 12 is: V require assistance, X require medical assistance, N no or negative, Y yes or affirmative, and an arrow for proceeding in this direction. V and X are easily swapped, which is the usual trap. An aircraft acknowledges a ground signal it has understood by rocking its wings by day.

10. 10During a private flight in turbulence, a passenger breaks an arm and is admitted to hospital for three days. The aeroplane is undamaged. How is this occurrence classified under ICAO Annex 13?

    1. An accident, because a person on board was seriously injured.
    2. A serious incident, because the aeroplane was not damaged.
    3. An incident, because nobody was killed and nothing was damaged.
    4. Not reportable, because the injury was caused by the weather.
    Show the answer

    Answer A. Annex 13 defines an accident as an occurrence, from boarding with the intention of flight until disembarkation, in which a person is fatally or seriously injured, the aircraft sustains substantial damage, or the aircraft is missing. A fracture (other than a simple fracture of a finger, toe or nose) and a hospital stay of more than 48 hours within 7 days are both serious injuries. Damage to the aircraft is not needed, and the cause being turbulence does not change the classification; in the EU it must be notified without delay to the safety investigation authority (Regulation (EU) No 996/2010, Article 9).